Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito makina opukutira vacuum

Makina opaka vacuum ndi chipangizo chomwe chimayika mafilimu opyapyala achitsulo pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Mfundo yake yayikulu yogwirira ntchito imagawidwa m'magawo atatu: kuyeretsa, kutulutsa mpweya, ndi kuika.
1. Kuyeretsa
Asanakhazikike evaporative, chipinda cha evaporation chiyenera kutsukidwa. Chifukwa pangakhale ma oxides, mafuta, fumbi ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba pa chipinda cha evaporation, izi zidzakhudza khalidwe la filimuyo. Kuyeretsa nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala kapena njira zakuthupi.
2. evaporation
Zomwe zimafunidwa zimatenthedwa pamwamba pa malo osungunuka kotero kuti zimapanga mamolekyu a mpweya. Mamolekyu a mpweyawo amathawidwira m’chipinda cha vacuum kupita m’chipinda cha evaporation. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa evaporation. Kutentha, kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa evaporation kumakhudza momwe filimuyo imapangidwira, kapangidwe kake ndi katundu wake.
3. Kuyika
The mpweya mamolekyulu za zinthu mu evaporation chipinda kulowa anachita m'chipinda kudzera vacuum chitoliro, amachita ndi yogwira zinthu, ndiyeno kuyika mankhwala pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa sedimentation. Kutentha, kupanikizika ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe filimuyi imakhalira imakhudzanso khalidwe ndi machitidwe a filimuyo.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito
Makina opaka vacuum amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sayansi yazinthu, optics, zamagetsi ndi zina.
1. Sayansi Yazinthu
Makina opaka vacuum amatha kukonza mafilimu owonda azitsulo zosiyanasiyana, ma aloyi, ma oxides, silicates ndi zida zina, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka, mafilimu owoneka bwino, kusungirako kuwala, zowonetsera, ma transistors ndi magawo ena.
2. Optics
Makina opaka vacuum amatha kukonzekera mafilimu achitsulo ndi aloyi okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mafilimu owoneka bwino okhala ndi ntchito zapadera. Makanemawa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapanelo adzuwa, ma microscopes amagetsi amphamvu kwambiri, ma aerogels, masensa a UV/IR, zosefera zowonera ndi magawo ena.
3. Zamagetsi
Makina okutira a vacuum amatha kukonza zida zamagetsi za nanoscale ndi zida za microelectronic. Mafilimuwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu nanotransistors, kukumbukira maginito, masensa ndi zina.
Mwachidule, makina opangira vacuum sangangokonzekera zida zingapo zoonda zamakanema, komanso kukonzekera mafilimu oonda okhala ndi ntchito zapadera ngati pakufunika. M'tsogolomu, teknoloji yokutira vacuum idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikulimbikitsidwa.